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ISA AC R. OAKFORD, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVA N l.:\. Letters Patent ivo. 71,903, (Inhal Bc/:rmber 10, 185i'y @te Sstichnl: :durch tu ir. tlpsc gfrttrrs lzttrnt :me mating part nt' lgr sinn.

TO ALL WHOM IT MA CONCERN:

Bc itknown that I, ISAAC R. OAKFORD, of Philadelphia, in the county ol' Philadelphia, and Siate of Penn- Sylvania, have made a new and useful Improvement in Steam-Generators; and I do hereby declare that thc following is a fall, clear, and exact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, makinga part of this specification, in which Figure 1, plate 1, is a perspective View of my steam-generator.

Figure 2, plate 2, is an end view of same.

Figure 3, plate 2, is a longitudinal section.

The object4 of my invention is to construct a steam-generator, which will be simple, cheap, safe in construction, and security of life in case ot' explosion, and to generate steam quickly and easily, with no waste of fuel, eas)v of access in case of cleaning, and repaired, when necessary, at small expense. Y l

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will new proceed to describe its construction and operation. v y l i I build two brick arches, a top and bottomione, the top arch, A, Eg, 3, being placed at a distance, of the length of the grate-bars, above the bottom one A. These twv arches, with the side walls, form the furnace F, and Hue F L leading to the chimney G. To make the flue F L longer, the extremity ofthe arches nearest the chimney are carried out tangentially to them. The chimney G has its base one. level with the base of furnace F. The front part of the chimney G, where the flue FL comes in contact, is left open, this side being supported by an arch, A, sprung across kthe Hue F L. At the rear ofthe chimney G is a door, D, leading into and on a level with the bottom of flue F L. On the corners of the arches A and A are placed anglcsbraccs Z), l1, and 6"', ef iron, connected together by means of' rods, for the purpose of strengthening the walls and prevent the heat from cracking them. The braces 6 and 6', placedunder the arch A', are made heavier and stronger in order t.) support the bottom'part of the ue F L nearest the chimney, one.end of' said braces resting on wall W L, the opposite ends resting on and supported by piers P and P. This -part of the liuc can also be supported by iron post or brick piers, placed at intervals, in addition to thc braces. The side walls and arches A and A', enclosing the furnace F, are to be lined with fire-brick, and also made thicker than at any other part in order to give greater strength to resist the action of the beat. I make any number of lcylindrical boilers, and of any diameter, in which sufficient strength can be secured without the aid of bolts er braces, having the ends made round in order to give greater strength,and also present more hcatinglsurfacc. The ends ofthe boilers are also made in the form of pipes Si and W, of a diameter considerably less than the diameter of the boilers; These pipes are made of a sufcicnt length to suit and serve for the water and steam-connections to the boilers. These bilers are placed inside of the flue F L, being made in lengthitlie height ol' the flue, the lower end to' rest on the arch A', or bottom of flue F vL, with the water-pipe W projecting through the brick-work, the ends coming even with the under side, so that they will in no way interfere with the scaffold used in constructing the arch. The upper end of the boilers touches on arch A, or upper part ot`lue F L, the steam-pipe S projecting through and a short ,distance above the brick-work. ,A short space should bc allowed. between the top part of the boilers, in the rows nearest the fire, and the brick-work, to allow for expansion of the boilers. VThe upper part of the tlue F L, near the chimney G, will be supported by the boilers, which at this point are placed vertical. The feed-pipe FP is attached to the pipe lV on the lower end of each boiler. The steam-pipe S I is attached in the same manner to the pipe S on the upper end of cach boiler; the part connecting the rows nearest the furnace is made smaller. These connections are made by means of elbows and threads fitting ino one another, or by means of flanges and bolts, or any other means to accomplish the saine purpose. y v

I make my boilers of cast iron or any other metal. When made oi' cast iron there are no joints exposed to the drectaction of the heat. This will be the ease, also, where any other metal is employed, except that the side scam and rivets will be exposed, but no flange or screw-joint connections, ali being made on the outside, removed from the direct actionof theheat. llenccI aux enabled to obviate the great difficulty of leaking, caused by the expansion ofthe metal opening the joints; also requiring less pumping of cold water into the boilers to supply the waste caused by said leakage. The first row of boilers is placed at an angle of about forty-livc deg ecs, and a short distance above the level of the fire, the angle increasing with the arch until the back part of the flue F L is reached, whereit will assume a vertical position. The water-line is kept about the' height, as shown by dotted lines L W, in each boiler, the rows directly over the fire being kept constantly fall. there beingless water in boilers furthest removed from the fire. Placing the boilers vertical, or nearly so as possible, allows the steam to l1ave free exit from the surface of the water after it is formell. The feed-water coming in at the bottom, the steam has a clear passage to the pipes, having no obstructions, in the way of bolts or braces, 4

to impede its progress; consequently there is no cramping of steam to cause priming, but allowing a free generation ot' steam. By the arrangement of theboilers in the flue F L, I am also enabled to gain a large amount of heating-surface the products ol' combustion completely enveloping each and every boiler, and a complete absorption by the water ofthe heat produced. A If at any time these bellers become choked up with' mud, scale, or any impediment, they can be cleaned very readily and in short time, by disconnecting the steam and water-connections and inserting a rod, brush, or scaling-bar in the top oi' the boiler, and force any water which may collect out at the bottom of the boiler. The last one or two rows, having no wafer-connections, act as a receptacle or steam-drum, and also superheat the steam to the extent necessary to give it its maximum working temperature. In case of fracture ot'` one or more of the boilers, these can be detached very readily from theothers, without an)l serious loss of time, and the remaining sound ones used. This will necessarily diminish the power of thc generator to some extent, but

still will overcome a great drawback when time is very precious. The fractured ones can he taken out, by the removal ot' a few bricks, and sound ones substituted.

Toprevent condensation of the steam, the steam-pipes can be covered with felt or a light iron covering or any other means to accomplish the same purpose.

I reserve the right of making the arches A and A of iron, the lower one, A', lined inside with fire-brick, the upper one, A, being formed of angle-iron, made in the form ot the arch, and placed at intervals, and covered over with fire-brick. y

I make my steam-generator of any size or power, and ot any width or depth desired. The space between cach boiler and the llue F L can be cleaned by opening the man-hole or door D, and inserting a brush between each row ot boilers. The boilers are blown out through pipe B P.

Having thus described my invention, its construction and operation, what I claim as new, and desireto vsecure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

A steam-generator, composed of a series ot` cylindrical boilers, of round ends, provided with openings for steam and water, and arranged in a vertical and inclined position, in the manner and for the purpose above set forth and described.

. ISAAC R. OAKF ORD.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL L. TAYLOR, CHARLES II. EVANS. 

